The DAFNE MOOC is a free online course that provides know-how transfer about methodological aspects re-quired for the investigation of the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus and the identification of sustainable WEF management strategies in the context of complex and transboundary water resources systems. The MOOC is based on the lectures developed for the DAFNE e-Summer School.

The MOOC is available for free under the following link.

It consists of 31 different video lectures created by the DAFNE consortium, each video is between 30 and 40 minutes long.

Unit	Unit Titles	Description
	The DAFNE approach
1	Introduction and DAFNE philosophy	Introduction to the foundation philosophy of the DAFNE framework for understanding the WEF Nexus and provide evidence of management solutions impacts to support the decision-making process leading to sustainable WEF Nexus management policies.
2	The PIP concept	Introduction to the principles and the methodological aspects of the Participatory Approach in Water Resources Planning and Management and to the role of stakeholders in the DAFNE approach.
3	DAFNE’s framework architecture	Illustration of the DAFNE methodological framework for WEF Nexus analysis and management.
4	Pathways and indicators in the PIP framework	Introduction to the definition, meaning and use of pathways, indicators, and scenarios in a PIP procedural context.
5	The OTB case study	Illustration of the main WEF Nexus issues in the OTB case study, including sets of indicators that have emerged from the participatory interaction with the stakeholders.
6	The ZRB case study	Illustration of the main WEF Nexus issues in the ZRB case study, including sets of indicators that have emerged from the participatory interaction with the stakeholders.
	Drivers
7	Natural drivers: Climate change (CC) local scenarios model	Introduction and description of the long-term dynamics of natural drivers: climatology and meteorology, hydrology, with particular focus on the consideration of uncertainties and natural variability of climate by means of generation of stochastically downscaled climate scenarios.
8	Downscaled CC-scenarios for OTB	Example of application of the stochastic downscaling methodology to the ZRB and OTB case studies with illustration of future climate scenarios and particular focus on spatial variability and uncertainty at local scales.
9	Socio-economic drivers	Introduction to the methodological aspects relevant to the assessment of future socio-economic drivers. These include electricity/energy demand and the potential for coverage by hydropower production, agricultural, industrial, domestic and environmental water demand for present and future development scenarios, which account for country/region specific socio-economic development pathways in the context of SSP scenarios.
10	Demand for food and irrigated agriculture	This lecture focuses on GIS-based approaches to convert routinely available geo- and statistical data related to human demography, agriculture, livestock and fisheries into current and future demand for water and food. The approach is illustrated by an exemplary application to the case studies the growing population of the ZRB and OTB and is accompanied by an exercise.
11	Ecosystem services in the WEF Nexus	River basin management in the nexus of water, energy and food security faces complex trade-offs be-tween the ecosystem services derived from regulated and free-flowing rivers. Using examples from the OTB and ZRB case studies, this lecture presents methods to identify and quantify the changes in demand and avail-ability of ecosystem services in the context of river ba-sin management and highlights pathways for their economic and monetary valuation.
	Models
12	Socio-Economic Models for the Optimal Allocation of the WEF Nexus in Transboundary Waters	Introduction to welfare maximization models of the interaction of the WFE Nexus with the socio-economy, enabling the quantification and the projection of sectoral water, energy, food and ecosystem services demands, and the allocation of water between them under different governance regimes. The second part of the lecture illustrates the model for the OTB case study.
13	The DAF strategic model	Introduction to the Decision-Analytic-Framework model based on optimisation methods to analyse many-objective water allocation problems and identify sustainable trade-off WEF Nexus management solutions using key sectoral indicators.
14	The WEF model	Introduction to the WEF Nexus model and its integrated (hydrology and hydrology driven processes, such as erosion and hydrologic transport) and linked components – crop productivity (AquaCrop) and water quality in lakes and reservoirs (Generalized Lake Model) – to simulate the detailed space-time impact of WEF Nexus management solutions across water user sectors using broad sets of indicators.
15	TOPKAPI-ETH tutorial	Demonstration of application of the hydrological core of the WEF Nexus model to the DAFNE case studies.
16	Aquacrop tutorial	This lecture demonstrates the application of the AquaCrop component of the WEF Nexus model to the DAFNE case studies. AquaCrop is the water productivity model of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations. The model simulates the biomass development and yield of a particular crop that can be expected in a specific environment (climate and soil type) for a particular irrigation and field management. This short lecture emphasises the calculation scheme of AquaCrop and the required input data and is accompanied by an exercise.
17	Generalise Lake Model (GLM) tutorial	This lecture demonstrates the application of the GLM component of the WEF Nexus model to the DAFNE case studies. The tutorial  presents how to work with this open-source tool, address the Importance of calibration and validation and show results of the application of GLM to Lake Kariba.
	Governance and participatory processes
18	Ecosystems governance and environmental policies	Increasingly, the self-regulating properties of ecosystems are replaced by management decisions. Given the complexity of ecosystems, it is impossible to foresee all consequences of human interventions across temporal, spatial and administrative scales. In the first part of this lecture, we present a systems-thinking approach to ecosystem governance that integrates sectors and scales. In the second part, we present an overview of existing environmental management policies in the Omo-Turkana and Zambezi basins and analyse them regarding their gaps and opportunities for improvement in light of the most pressing environmental issues.
19	Principles of international water law	The lecture provides an overview of the key principles of international water law. It looks at the origin, normative nature, and practical implications of the principles. It finishes by examining how policy frameworks – such as the Water-Energy-Food Nexus and the Sustainable Development Goals could be used to strengthen the implementation of legal frameworks.
20	Legal framework implementation in transboundary river basins	The lecture provides an illustration of the legal frameworks applicable to two shared river basins: the Omo-Turkana and the Zambezi. It details the existing legal frameworks, any limitations/gaps and potentials for improving governance in the future.
21	Simulating stakeholder negotiations: Developing solutions in the planning and management of the WEF Nexus	The lecture  introduces a new approach for stakeholder participation involving negotiation in the context of water resources planning and management. The DAFNE project has developed and used its ‘Negotiation Simulation Laboratory’ (NSL) as a form of continuous and interactive participation of stakeholders in the four-year project. The objective of the NSL is to simulate negotiations in a safe environment and support social learning. The lab provides stakeholders with the opportunity to share their concerns and priorities with other stakeholders, substantiate their arguments in preparation for real negotiations and collectively develop solutions that make tradeoffs transparent.
22	Novel participatory tools: the Multi Perspective Visualisation Tool (MPVT)	Introduction to novel tools – Multi Perspective Visualisation Tool (MPVT) and Geoportal – to support the participatory process by means of IT solutions enabling the interactive analysis of WEF Nexus management solutions impacts modelled by the DAF and WEF Nexus models.
23	Novel participatory tools: the Geoportal	Introduction to the Geoportal as an instrument to support the participatory process by enabling the interactive analysis of WEF Nexus management solutions impacts modelled by the DAF and WEF Nexus models.
24	Demonstration of MPVT	Demonstration of MPVT use and benefits in the OTB and ZRB case studies.
25	Demonstration of Geoportal	Demonstration of MPVT use and benefits in the OTB and ZRB case studies.
	Monitoring strategies and real-world case studies
26	Remote Sensing monitoring techniques	Introduction to remote sensing products to support data acquisition and processing in the context of the WEF Nexus monitoring strategies
27	Demonstration of RS monitoring products	Demonstration of WEF Nexus related remote sensing data processing in the OTB and ZRB case studies.
28	UAV monitoring techniques	Introduction to the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to generate local remote sensing products supporting data acquisition and processing in the context of the WEF Nexus monitoring strategies.
29	Demonstration of UAV monitoring products	Demonstration of WEF Nexus related UAVs acquisition and data processing in the OTB and ZRB case studies.
	Real-world application examples
30	The DAFNE approach applied to OTB	Synthesis of the DAFNE framework and approach through the lens of application to the OTB exemplary case study.
31	The DAFNE approach applied to ZRB	Synthesis of the DAFNE framework and approach through the lens of application to the ZRB exemplary case study.